The Soviet Union And Czechoslovakia Essay - 1679 Words

The Benevolence of State Socialism and the Brutality of Its Application in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia The promises of state socialism and with it Communism were nothing short of fantasy turned reality for the deeply impoverished working classes of the Russian empire at the beginning of the twentieth century. The uneducated and desperate people of the Russian empire were eager to believe in a social and political system that promised to finally deliver them from the crushing burdens placed on them by the aristocrats, capitalism and the class system. Unfortunately for them the reality of these new systems would be far from the promised utopian society of continuous prosperity and absolute equality. There would not be the freedom from the class system as promised by Communist propaganda instead in its place would be a less obtrusive and more industrialized version the class system that had existed before. Everyone would not share evenly the prosperity and wealth as promised either, instead those who were controlling the government would reap the greater rewards such as choice of living arrangements and top pick of academic endeavors. Those who had seized the government in the interest of the working class would not completely fulfil their promise to educate their working-class comrades to a level sufficient to take control of the government. Vladimir Lenin’s views on Communism and the process necessary for achieving state socialism would be the first attempts thatShow MoreRelatedThe Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia The world political conversation today is the state of affairs in the Ukraine with protester in recent months protesting for a more pro-western European influence of government. Since the Ukraine has been in an economic crisis in the last few years, the current President Viktor F. Yanukovich decided to take an aid package from the Russian’s. This acceptance of the Russian aid package infuriated many in the Ukraine and has stifled the government withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Peaceful Revolution During Czechoslovakia From Economic And Political Weekly, A Social Science Fiction Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesIn an article titled â€Å"Peaceful Revolution in Czechoslovakia† from Economic and Political Weekly, a social science journal created in India in 1949 that covers international topics, the beginnings of the Prague Spring were told as of April 27th, 1968. The tone of the article is optimistic about the new liberalization seen in Czechoslovakia to this point, but there is also a tone of uncertainty about what exactly will happen. The author of the article knows that major changes are being made, so quicklyRead MoreShort Answer Questions On Gorbachev s Reforms1305 Words   |  6 Pagescontrolled propaganda. 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The Soviet Union was a Communist country ruled by a dictator while America was a capitalist democracy that valued freedom. Their completely different beliefs and aims caused friction to form between them, which contributed to the creation of the Cold War. At the start of the first world war, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. With Germany and the Soviet Union being allies, the rest of the world had their suspicionsRead MoreThe Revolutionary Change Of Eastern Europe1581 Words   |  7 Pages349-01 12/4/2015 Throughout years of self proclaimed domination spanning from the time after the second world war, The Soviet Union entered the final stage of its’ existence after the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985. The election of the new Soviet leader would be the catalyst for change not only in the crumbling Soviet Union, but also in the rest of rebellious Eastern Europe. It was the beginning of a new era and there was no more glorious revolution

Essay about Analysis of Doctorows Billy Bathgate

Unspoken Laws in Billy Bathgate With the introduction into gang life comes opportunities for wealth, women, status and power all with the convenient diffusion of any criminal or moral responsibility. Like any society, the secret world of criminal gangs has its own set of stringent expectations and rules that must be followed. In E. L. Doctorow’s Billy Bathgate, the secret world of Schultz’s New York gang empire is revealed through the eyes of the young protagonist, Billy Bathgate. During a time when the grave effects of the depression had trickled down into nearly every community, the opportunity to partake in the privy, elite, prosperous network posed by Schultz was the manifestation of all that Billy could hope for. In his short†¦show more content†¦While constantly aware of Miss Drew’s situation, Billy can’t escape the realization of his position’s possible transiency and the fact that his life depends on his usefulness in the gang: â€Å"all I had to remember was h ow small of a mistake was sufficient to change my fortune, maybe even without knowing it. I was an habitual accomplice to murder. I could be arrested, tried, and sentenced, to death†(123). From this, Billy is impressed with one of the fundamental rules that accompanies inclusion in gang life—absolute loyalty to the gang’s interests. Billy observes the consequences of breaking this rule of loyalty when he hops onto the boat and into the scene of Bo’s sinking figure, and later, when Schulz’s personal life becomes complicated with a pending courtcase. The gang loyally relocates to the rural small town of Onondaga to help ensure the boss avoids jailtime. After painstakingly building an amiable reputation in the town for the Boss, Schultz’s temperament leads to â€Å"the president† Julie Martin’s murder in the hotel. The entire gang dutifully cleans the room and removes the body with cover up concluding with and unprepared Billy bein g punched in the face. After the fact, Billy comes to see the necessity of his subsequent broken nose yet is internally insulted and cannot shake the urge to â€Å"get revenge† (159). This affront to his own ego caused a shift

Network Performance Analysis

Question: Discuss about network performance analysis process and its process. Answer: Abstract The paper is having study about network performance analysis process and its process. The study is supported by several journal and books writers. On the other hand, there is a discussion about different technology and technical tools used for this process. The study is also having in depth discussion about limitation of network performance analysis process. And future scope of network performance analysis process. 1. Introduction The study is having in depth analysis of network performance process and its benefits. Network performance analysis helps experts to know about the performance of network, which they are working. Apart from this, it also helps in monitoring and tuning process of the network. In context to this Bonald Feuillet (2011) stated, every server or workstation is based on some or the other network. And analysis of it is network and workstation and server is very important. On the other hand, network analysis is done by setting the baseline at installation time. As stated by Malecki (2012), every process is having some limitation and benefits. The main benefit of network analysis process discussed in this study is, it help in evaluating the network status. On the other hand Marshall (2010) stated, network performance is measured for packet switching network and circuit switching network. Apart from this, network performance is done for each and every type of network or server. As commented by Masudur (2013), every network design and working nature is different, so they performance analysis is also different. The tools used for analyzing each network are different. Some of the commonly used network analysis tools discussed in this study is as, Pandora FMS, PRTG network monitor freeware, splunk, ntopng and others. 2. Literature Review As mentioned by Nelson Rebelo (2009), network analysis process is done by using the predefined steps for it. On the other hand, the network performance analysis is done after analyzing different servers, for example, client server. As mentioned by Masudur (2013), the performance of the network is done by using the following hierarchy, which is as, Figure 1: Hierarchy of network performance analysis or monitoring system In context to this Sakellari (2011) stated, any system or server is dependent on systems memory availability, processor speed, disk usage and support and others. The network analysis process is dependent on dependent on these factors. Apart from this, while network analysis process hardware and software support system are also checked. As mentioned by Patel (2015), some of the commonly used network hardware components are routers, switches. In addition to this, network hardware components are network adapter, hubs and others. While the network performance analysis processes these components analysis is done. It helps in knowing about the support system of the network and their efficiency. In context to this Nelson Rebelo (2009) stated, network performance and working is based on various components. Apart from this, some of the common network performance problem are related to operating system support, usage of hard disk, firewall and filters. As mentioned by Sakellari (2011), networ k is based on both hardware and software support. For example, the simple networking is based on nodes or connection with other support system. So the main problem which is based in networking is routing. For example, Figure 2: Network routing sample In context to this Sun et al. (2013) stated, network users are having their own specific resources location. And network systems are having autonomous nodes. It help experts to protect network process. On the other hand, network baseline or network performance standard, help experts to analyze the network. As mentioned by Vilches Dujovne (2014), performance of network is based on different factors, which are as Network Latency For example, if sender and receiver are communicating using any network. Then the decoding process delay can cause disturbance in network. Apart from this, delay in communication can delay the processing time. So network performance analysis is very important to avoid the delay. Network error rate Network error rate help expert to know about number of corrupted file. These corrupted file interrupt the network and communication network. Network bandwidth As mentioned by Wang et al. (2013), it help experts to know about total bits involved in network transfer. Apart from this, it also help in estimating the total duration of any communication network. Network throughput In context to this Vilches Dujovne (2014) stated, network throughput is actual rate in which data is transferred over any network. And, network performance analysis help, in completing the communication or transfer in estimated time. Network Jitter Network jitter can disturb the network process or working. Apart from this, jitter can occur at time of sending and receiving information. As mentioned by Sakellari (2011), network standard help in estimating the performance of network. Apart from this, network standard help in improving the network performance. Network performance analysis is done by using specific defined tools. Some of the commonly used tools for measuring performance are Nagios, Fiddler, Pandora FMS and others. These tools help in monitoring the network and its performance level. In context to this Wang et al. (2013) commented, network performance should be monitored in a regular period. It helps in identifying the errors and fault exact location. As commented by Patel (2015), network location is known to their users, so analysis process is easily. In support of this Sakellari (2011) further mentioned that, performance analysis can be easily done, if benchmarking is done. That is, level of performance is decided, then experts can analyze the performance of any network. 3. Discussion In context to this Wang et al. (2013) stated, performance analysis is based on several tools and metrics. Some of the network performance analysis process metrics are as Network services Network system and network As mentioned by Patel (2015), network performance metrics help in analyzing the loss or error in packets while network communication. In addition to this, they also help in analyzing network jitter, delay, capacity of channel. And utilization of channel and packets and effectiveness. In addition to this Nelson Rebelo (2009) commented, network performance can be analyzed by bits and packets transferred. Figure 3: Bits and packets based network performance analysis 3.1 Limitation of network performance analysis As mentioned by Marshall (2010), network performance analysis is totally based on technology, that is, it can only be done by using different softwares and hardwares. The working of network is also based on technology and their analysis is also based on technology. If experts are unaware about the technology uses, then they cannot measure performance. In context to this Malecki (2012) stated, every process is based on technology and their tools. So, network user should be aware of these tools. As it will help in measuring the performance of network. In addition to this Nelson Rebelo (2009) mentioned, performance measuring of network is based on network standards. So, network standards and baselines should be strong and constant. 4. Future scope/Study As mentioned by Masudur (2013), as the technology will upgrade, network performance analysis process will also be upgraded. Network performance analysis process is completely based on technology and technical tools. So with the boom in technology, performance measuring tools will also be changed. 5. Conclusion Network performance help in measuring the quality of network based services. And the analysis process help in determining the fault or error in network process. This analysis process also help in analyzing the standards. That is, the standard decided by experts in initial stage can be used to analyze the process. On the other hand, performance analysis is based on technology and technical tools. For example, Pandora FMS, Splunk and others. These tools help network experts to analyze network performance. And they also help in monitoring the network based processes. Apart from this, network performance tools also help in gathering the data or information. These information can further be used for deciding the network standards and baselines. References Bonald, T., Feuillet, M. (2011). Network performance analysis. London: ISTE. Malecki, F. (2012). Next-generation firewalls: security with performance. Network Security, 2012(12), 19-20. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(12)70114-9 Marshall, P. (2010). Quantitative analysis of cognitive radio and network performance. Norwood, Mass.: Artech House. Masudur Rahman, M. (2013). Performance Analysis of Active Network Service Composition. IOSRJEN, 3(7), 34-42. doi:10.9790/3021-03723442 Nelson, P., Rebelo, P. (2009). Network performance. Basingstoke: Taylor Francis. Patel, A. (2015). Network performance without compromising security. Network Security, 2015(1), 9-12. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(15)70008-5 Sakellari, G. (2011). Performance evaluation of the Cognitive Packet Network in the presence of network worms. Performance Evaluation, 68(10), 927-937. doi:10.1016/j.peva.2011.03.005 Sun, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, P., Liu, H. (2013). Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Network Based on OPNET. Communications And Network, 05(03), 512-516. doi:10.4236/cn.2013.53b2094 Vilches, T., Dujovne, D. (2014). GNUradio and 802.11: performance evaluation and limitations. IEEE Network, 28(5), 27-31. doi:10.1109/mnet.2014.6915436 Wang, Y., Liu, J., Yuan, L. (2013). Performance Analysis of TCP in Maritime Shipping Network. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES, 5(3), 265-271. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1224.2013.00265

More Than One Celled Organisms Grow By Way Of Mitosis And The Cytoplas

More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand, meiosis occurs only in germ cells, which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability. The process, during which the germ cells are generated is called meiosis. It represents nature's solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that would occur, if two diploid cells, i.e. two cells with a double set of chromosomes would fuse. Accordingly does meiosis produce haploid germ cells, with maternal and paternal germ cell fusing at fertilization and thus generating a diploid fusion product, the zygote. Meiosis is made up by two subsequent processes, both of which resemble mitosis. In the first process are the homologous chromosomes separated. It has an unusually long prophase that is subdivided into different stages They are followed by metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Two nuclei fuse upon fertilization, so that the number of chromosomes does necessarily double. If this thought is spun further, would an greater growth of the number of chromosomes from generation to generation have to be expected. This is not the case, because the chromosomes are reduced to half their normal number in germ cell production. This process is called meiosis. It consists of two successive mitosis-like divisions: in the first division is the number of chromosomes reduced to their half, the second is a normal mitosis. Each germ cell contains a complete set of chromosomes, a haploid set. Accordingly are the cells haploid and zygotes and the body cells that stem from them are diploid, because they contain two equal sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. They exist, especially in plants. At the beginning of meiosis, in prophase 1 the plate breaksdown and chromosomes become visible as in mitosis (1). The chromosomes have replicated but individual chromatids are not visible. Instead of lining up on a metaphase, as in mitosis, chromosomes come together in pairs (2). Each chromosome in a pair is similar in structure (homologous), but would have come originally from different parents. Later in prophase the homologous pairs twist round each other and chromatids may cross over (3). Breaks occur at these crossovers or chiasmata, and pieces of chromatid are exchanged (4). Chromosome pairs line up across the equator of the spindle at metaphase I (5). In anaphase I the chromosomes separate and travel to opposite ends of the spindle. The chromosomes migrate to the equators of two new spindles for metaphase 2 (7). Next the chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase 2 to form four clusters of chromosomes in telophase 2. The nuclear envelopes reform around four haploid nuclei that wil l give rise gamete The leptotene. This phase differs only slightly from the early stages of mitosis. Usually are the cells and nuclei of meiotic tissues bigger than that of their neighbouring tissues and often do they seem to be longer and are longitudinally structured. At regular intervals can thickenings be found, like beads on a string: the chromomeres. Their number, size and positioning is constant in each species. The zygotene. During this phase begins the pairing of homologous chromosomes. It is also called synapsis and the resulting structure synaptic complex. Directly after initiation of the process does the pairing spread like a zipper across the whole length of the chromosome. The pachytene. During the pachytene does the pairing stabilize. The number of synaptic complexes corresponds to the number of chromosomes in a haploid set of the respective species. The pairs are also called bivalents. The diplotene. The bivalents separate again. During this does it become visible that each chromosome is built of two chromatids, so that the whole complex stands still, four strands during the separation. Normally is the separation not accomplished, but the homologous chromosomes stick together at certain points, the chaismata. This state is marked by the formation of cross-like structures, single or multipleloops. The diakinesis is the continuation of the diplotene. It is usually difficult to mark an exact limit between both states. The chromosomes condense and become more compact. The metaphase. From now on do the processes resemble that of mitosis again. The nuclear membrane